Evolutionary Carrier Selection for Shared Truck Delivery Services

With multiple carriers in a logistics market, customers can choose the best carrier to deliver their products and packages. In this paper, we present novel approach of using stochastic evolutionary game analyze decision-making less-than-truckload (LTL) delivery service. We propose inter-related optimization models that allow us vehicle routing for LTL selection customers, respectively. The model incorporates small perturbation customers' which exists due irrationality. solution terms stochastically stable states is characterized by Markov chain model. numerical results show impact carriers' parameters on states.